Overview
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Oligohydramnios is defined as an abnormally low volume of amniotic fluid. Amniotic fluid is crucial for fetal development and growth, serving as protection to the fetus from trauma and infection as well as helping in the development of the fetal lungs. Normal amniotic fluid varies, on average it can reach up to 800-1000mL. An excess of amniotic fluid is termed polyhydramnios, decreased amniotic fluid is oligohydramnios. It occurs in approximately 11% of all pregnancies. Causes of oligohydramnios include rupture of membranes, fetal urinary tract blockage (renal agenesis, posterior urethral valves or polycystic kidney disease) which can have a genetic background associated with other genetic conditions. The mortality is high, especially if it is diagnosed during the first trimester as it can increase the risk for chest wall fixation and pulmonary hypoplasia.
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The Igenomix Oligohydramnios Precision Panel can be used to make a directed and accurate differential diagnosis of oligohydramnios and uncover the genetics underlying this clinical sign ultimately leading to a better management and achieve a healthy baby at home. It provides a comprehensive analysis of the genes involved in this disease using next-generation sequencing (NGS) to fully understand the spectrum of relevant genes involved.
Clinical Utility
The clinical utility of this panel is:
- The genetic and molecular confirmation for an accurate clinical diagnosis of a symptomatic patient.
- Early initiation of treatment with a multidisciplinary team for hospitalization and obstetric management in case of preterm delivery and provide adequate hydration.
- Risk assessment of asymptomatic family members according to the mode of inheritance.
References
Dias, T., Sairam, S., & Kumarasiri, S. (2014). Ultrasound diagnosis of fetal renal abnormalities. Best practice & research. Clinical obstetrics & gynaecology, 28(3), 403–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2014.01.009
Gimpel, C., Avni, F. E., Bergmann, C., Cetiner, M., Habbig, S., Haffner, D., König, J., Konrad, M., Liebau, M. C., Pape, L., Rellensmann, G., Titieni, A., von Kaisenberg, C., Weber, S., Winyard, P., & Schaefer, F. (2018). Perinatal Diagnosis, Management, and Follow-up of Cystic Renal Diseases: A Clinical Practice Recommendation With Systematic Literature Reviews. JAMA pediatrics, 172(1), 74–86. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2017.3938
Sahin, E., Madendag, Y., Tayyar, A., Sahin, M., Col Madendag, I., & Acmaz, G. et al. (2017). Perinatal outcomes in uncomplicated late preterm pregnancies with borderline oligohydramnios. The Journal Of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine, 31(23), 3085-3088. doi: 10.1080/14767058.2017.1364722
Magann, E., Haas, D., Hill, J., Chauhan, S., Watson, E., & Learman, L. (2011). Oligohydramnios, Small for Gestational Age and Pregnancy Outcomes: An Analysis Using Precise Measures. Gynecologic And Obstetric Investigation, 72(4), 239-244. doi: 10.1159/000324570
Leung J. C. (2014). Inherited renal diseases. Current pediatric reviews, 10(2), 95–100. https://doi.org/10.2174/157339631002140513101755